MIME类型

参考文档

MIME介绍

MIME（Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions，邮件扩展类型）是一种标准的、用来表示文档、文件、字节流等数据的格式和性质的一种流媒体类型。

浏览器通常采用MIME类型而不是文件扩展名来确定如何处理URL和文件内容。所以在响应头需要添加标准的mimetype，否则浏览器将不能以正常的方式来处理解析文件内容。

MIME语法

通用结构：

type/subtype

MIME的组成结构；由类型与子类型两个字符串中间用/分隔而组成。不允许空格存在。type表示可以被分多个子类的独立类别。subtype表示细分后的每个类型。

MIME类型对大小写不敏感，但是传统写法都是小写。

mimetype与Content-Type

在打开网站的调试模式的时候，我们可以看到，在请求的响应标头往往有一个Content-Type的属性，Content-Type的第一个属性往往都是mimetype的类型，通过;来分割。

从MIME的全称和其历史，MIME最开始的提出是为了解决邮件编码而扩展的一种类型。邮件协议在最开始提出的时候，只能传输一定长度的ASCII码文件，随着计算机网络的发展，单纯的ASCII码显然不能满足世界的多样化需求。所以此时MIME就诞生了，MIME作为电子邮件协议SMTP的Extensions扩展，它并没有取代或改变SMTP协议，而仅仅是对SMTP协议的一种扩展。通过MIME协议，使得邮件传输过程中不会被邮件协议而改变。

万维网和HTTP协议的诞生要晚于邮件协议的诞生，在HTTP协议的发展中，广泛吸收了其他协议的优点，如MIME。在HTTP协议中，通过Content-Type标头来确定HTTP传输的内容，从其功能来看，可以确定是借鉴了MIME。且在Content-Type标头中，通常其第一个值为MIME规范中所支持的mimetype，其他属性通过过;来分割。所以可以说Content-Type是mimetype的超集，在Content-Type中包含了对mimetype的定义和使用。

MIME类型大全

常用MIME类型

文件类型	MIME类型	描述
.txt	text/plain	通常用于典型的邮件或新闻消息。 text/richtext 也是常用值
.csv	text/csv
.css	text/css
.xml	text/xml	xml对用户可读（不渲染）
.js	text/javascript
.jpg \| .jpeg	image/jpeg	用于图像。 image/jpeg 和 image/gif 是使用的公共图像格式
.gif	image/gif
.xml	application/xml	xml对用户不可读（渲染）
.bin	application/octet-stream	当消息是未知类型和包含任何字节数据时使用
.pdf	application/pdf
.json	application/json
.epub	application/epub+zip
.doc	application/msword
.docx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
.ppt	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
.pptx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
.jar	application/java-archive
.rar	application/x-rar-compressed
.tar	application/x-tar
.zip	application/zip
.7z	application/x-7z-compressed

application类型

文件类型	MIME类型
.xlsx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
.xltx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template
.potx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template
.ppsx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow
.pptx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
.sldx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slide
.docx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
.dotx	application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template
.xlam	application/vnd.ms-excel.addin.macroEnabled.12
.xlsb	application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroEnabled.12
.epub	application/epub+zip
.apk	application/vnd.android.package-archive
.hqx	application/mac-binhex40
.cpt	application/mac-compactpro
.doc	application/msword
.pdf	application/pdf
.mif	application/vnd.mif
.xls	application/vnd.ms-excel
.ppt	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
.odc	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.chart
.odb	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.database
.odf	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.formula
.odg	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics
.otg	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template
.odi	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.image
.odp	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation
.otp	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation-template
.ods	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
.ots	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet-template
.odt	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text
.odm	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-master
.ott	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-template
.oth	application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text-web
.sxw	application/vnd.sun.xml.writer
.stw	application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.template
.sxc	application/vnd.sun.xml.calc
.stc	application/vnd.sun.xml.calc.template
.sxd	application/vnd.sun.xml.draw
.std	application/vnd.sun.xml.draw.template
.sxi	application/vnd.sun.xml.impress
.sti	application/vnd.sun.xml.impress.template
.sxg	application/vnd.sun.xml.writer.global
.sxm	application/vnd.sun.xml.math
.sis	application/vnd.symbian.install
.wbxml	application/vnd.wap.wbxml
.wmlc	application/vnd.wap.wmlc
.wmlsc	application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc
.bcpio	application/x-bcpio
.torrent	application/x-bittorrent
.bz2	application/x-bzip2
.vcd	application/x-cdlink
.pgn	application/x-chess-pgn
.cpio	application/x-cpio
.csh	application/x-csh
.dvi	application/x-dvi
.spl	application/x-futuresplash
.gtar	application/x-gtar
.hdf	application/x-hdf
.jar	application/java-archive
.jnlp	application/x-java-jnlp-file
.js	application/javascript
.json	application/json
.ksp	application/x-kspread
.chrt	application/x-kchart
.kil	application/x-killustrator
.latex	application/x-latex
.rpm	application/x-rpm
.sh	application/x-sh
.shar	application/x-shar
.swf	application/x-shockwave-flash
.sit	application/x-stuffit
.sv4cpio	application/x-sv4cpio
.sv4crc	application/x-sv4crc
.rar	application/x-rar-compressed
.tar	application/x-tar
.7z	application/x-7z-compressed
.tcl	application/x-tcl
.tex	application/x-tex
.man	application/x-troff-man
.me	application/x-troff-me
.ms	application/x-troff-ms
.ustar	application/x-ustar
.src	application/x-wais-source
.zip	application/zip
.ai	application/postscript
.atom	application/atom+xml
.bin	application/octet-stream
.cdf	application/x-netcdf
.class	application/octet-stream
.dcr	application/x-director
.dir	application/x-director
.dll	application/octet-stream
.dmg	application/octet-stream
.dms	application/octet-stream
.dtd	application/xml-dtd
.dxr	application/x-director
.eps	application/postscript
.exe	application/octet-stream
.ez	application/andrew-inset
.gram	application/srgs
.grxml	application/srgs+xml
.gz	application/x-gzip
.lha	application/octet-stream
.lzh	application/octet-stream
.mathml	application/mathml+xml
.nc	application/x-netcdf
.oda	application/oda
.ps	application/postscript
.rdf	application/rdf+xml
.rm	application/vnd.rn-realmedia
.roff	application/x-troff
.skd	application/x-koan
.skm	application/x-koan
.skp	application/x-koan
.skt	application/x-koan
.smi	application/smil
.smil	application/smil
.so	application/octet-stream
.t	application/x-troff
.texi	application/x-texinfo
.texinfo	application/x-texinfo
.tr	application/x-troff
.vxml	application/voicexml+xml
.xht	application/xhtml+xml
.xhtml	application/xhtml+xml
.xml	application/xml
.xsl	application/xml
.xslt	application/xslt+xml
.xul	application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml

text类型

文件类型	MIME类型
.txt	text/plain
.asc	text/plain
.csv	text/csv
.htm	text/html
.html	text/html
.xml	text/xml
.css	text/css
.rtf	text/rtf
.rtx	text/richtext
.ics	text/calendar
.ifb	text/calendar
.tsv	text/tab-separated-values
.jad	text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor
.wml	text/vnd.wap.wml
.wmls	text/vnd.wap.wmlscript
.etx	text/x-setext
.sgm	text/sgml
.sgml	text/sgml

image类型

文件类型	MIME类型
.jpe	image/jpeg
.jpg	image/jpeg
.jpeg	image/jpeg
.png	image/png
.gif	image/gif
.bmp	image/bmp
.ico	image/x-icon
.svg	image/svg+xml
.webp	image/webp
.wbmp	image/vnd.wap.wbmp
.tif	image/tiff
.tiff	image/tiff
.ief	image/ief
.rgb	image/x-rgb
.xbm	image/x-xbitmap
.xpm	image/x-xpixmap
.xwd	image/x-xwindowdump
.ras	image/x-cmu-raster
.pnm	image/x-portable-anymap
.pbm	image/x-portable-bitmap
.pgm	image/x-portable-graymap
.ppm	image/x-portable-pixmap
.cgm	image/cgm
.djv	image/vnd.djvu
.djvu	image/vnd.djvu
.jp2	image/jp2
.mac	image/x-macpaint
.pct	image/pict
.pic	image/pict
.pict	image/pict
.pnt	image/x-macpaint
.pntg	image/x-macpaint
.qti	image/x-quicktime
.qtif	image/x-quicktime

video类型

文件类型	MIME类型
.mp4	video/mp4
.mpeg	video/mpeg
.mov	video/quicktime
.qt	video/quicktime
.avi	video/x-msvideo
.flv	video/x-flv
.webm	video/webm
.mxu	video/vnd.mpegurl
.wm	video/x-ms-wm
.wmv	video/x-ms-wmv
.wmx	video/x-ms-wmx
.wvx	video/x-ms-wvx
.movie	video/x-sgi-movie
.3gp	video/3gpp
.dif	video/x-dv
.dv	video/x-dv
.m4u	video/vnd.mpegurl
.m4v	video/x-m4v
.mpe	video/mpeg
.mpg	video/mpeg
.ogv	video/ogv

audio类型

文件类型	MIME类型
.mp2	audio/mpeg
.mp3	audio/mpeg
.aif	audio/x-aiff
.aifc	audio/x-aiff
.aiff	audio/x-aiff
.ogg	audio/ogg
.m3u	audio/x-mpegurl
.ra	audio/x-pn-realaudio
.wav	audio/x-wav
.wma	audio/x-ms-wma
.wax	audio/x-ms-wax
.au	audio/basic
.kar	audio/midi
.m4a	audio/mp4a-latm
.m4p	audio/mp4a-latm
.mid	audio/midi
.midi	audio/midi
.mpga	audio/mpeg
.ram	audio/x-pn-realaudio
.snd	audio/basic

model类型

文件类型	MIME类型
.iges	model/iges
.igs	model/iges
.mesh	model/mesh
.msh	model/mesh
.silo	model/mesh
.vrml	model/vrml
.wrl	model/vrml

其他类型

文件类型	MIME类型
.pdb	chemical/x-pdb
.xyz	chemical/x-xyz
.ice	x-conference/x-cooltalk

multipart复合类型

MIME类型	描述
multipart/form-data	可用于联系 HTML Forms 和 POST 方法
multipart/byteranges	使用状态码206 Partial Content来发送整个文件的子集
multipart/related	用于消息中多个相关部分。具体地讲，与 SwA（具有附件的 SOAP）一起使用
multipart/signed	用于消息中多个相关部分（包括签名）。具体的讲，与 S/MIME 一起使用
multipart/mixed	用于消息中多个独立部分。